Tag Archives: Yannis Ritsos

Resistance by Colin Campbell Robinson (KFS Press)

Resistance by Colin Campbell Robinson (KFS Press)

This new book of three poem sequences opens with a quote from René Char, who states that 

     History is a long succession of words

          leading to the same conclusions.

           To contradict them is our duty.

Colin Campbell Robinson sees contradiction as a form of resistance which offers clarity, whereas confusion creates collaboration (with the forces of occupation, the enemy). Although rooted in response to the written works of René Char and Yannis Ritsos, both of whom were part of resistance movements, and Josef Koudelka’s photographs of Prague in 1968, it is hard to see Robinson’s prose poem sequences here as more than abstractions.

The work here rambles through an empty city peopled by memories, ghosts who betray, hide, suffer and survive. ‘Everyone is a vagabond in their own home. / Everyone a wanderer lying in their bed.’ Times passes, indeed ‘Time is running out’ and the future is tentative as ‘The angels of tomorrow soar on fragile wings.’ It is a world of brief pleasures – pilsner or ‘a sip of slivovitz’ – failures, ruin and silence; a world where nothing is understood and ‘people stand about doing nothing’ and there is ‘no certainty’.

By inhabiting others’ experiences Robinson ends up in a no-man’s land of secondhand politics and emotions. This is not to belittle Ritsos’ or Char’s poems – both are great writers – nor to demand poems of personal emotion from Robinson, but the sense of distance here is too great: Robinson is a mirror, a reporter, whose words from the present describing the past cannot evoke the realities of oppression or revolutionary resistance. It all feels like a sanitised version, where blood and sweat, Molotov cocktails, sniper fire and the arrival of tanks and soldiers become fading photographs or ‘a rumbling that fades into the distance’.

At one point the final poem’s narrator attempts to pray, but the silence is too much; instead, we get ‘So many Cains, so many Abels, looking for God’s embrace, in the cold dawn, in the dying dusk’, and smashed firebombs provoking the rhetorical question ‘who dances before the Lord?’. The reference to the Psalms, and the text’s juxtaposition with a photo of ‘the oldest synagogue in Europe’ does little to evoke Prague’s ghetto, the story of the Golem, or the very physical act of occupation and dismantling of Prague’s Westernisation in 1968. It simply sends out vague arrows towards ideas Robinson could have made something of.

This book is a world of shorthand, of suggestive phrases and ideas meant to trigger a reader’s feelings: a sense of loss, of hopelessness, of squashed possibility, of mourning, of lost community and family. A dove is used to suggest ideas of peace; a church bell rings, signifying mourning, religion, time passing and perhaps contrasting with the empty city’s silence; ‘Coincidental meanings could collide and create new sense as they speed beyond light’. I’m all for constructing meaning out of experimental or opaque texts, but there is too much signification going on here, too much ‘space’ and ‘light’ and ‘silence’ and ‘blindness’, too many words pre-loaded with meaning, to allow new coincidences or associations to be made.

The poems here mostly feel like pastiche and, in the third sequence, a poetical tour guide to Prague. It made me go back to Ritsos, a favourite author anyway, to the experimental photos of Jiri Kolar, and to contemporaneous accounts of resistance and revolution in France, Greece and Prague. These show the reality, the brutality, of war; whilst the anarchic and utopian poetry of the likes of Adrian Mitchell or Julian Beck propose political, sexual and social revolutions. Robinson’s poetry offers ‘The night eternal dark like a book not written; like a slogan, empty’, but I would rather an attempted book or a revolutionary slogan than this author’s abstract ‘pain of intuition’.

Rupert Loydell 19th June 2025

Nine by David Harsent (Guillemot Press)

Nine by David Harsent (Guillemot Press)

There is a long history of incomplete texts in poetry. From the fragments of Sappho to Ken Smith’s Burned Books, via Tom Phillip’s A Humument and Antonin Artaud’s demented scribbles and spells, authors have created works with missing, deleted, amended or changed parts. Nine claims to be ‘a reconstruction of certain passages from a notebook found among the writer’s effects’, although we are never told who that writer is, only that ‘[s]ome pages had been damaged, removed, or scored out.’ It also notes that the gaps in the text are as per the original. 

I mostly know David Harsent’s work through a couple of his early books of poems, his sequence about Mr. Punch (which seems to be out of print) and his recent versions of Yannis Ritsos poems. This book feels very different: stream(s) of consciousness, sexual and religious undertones and witchery, along with several mentions of specific, named works of art. It is incantatory, dense but lyrical, allusionistic and at times obscure and full of signs, symbols and digressions.

The poem starts with the notebook’s narrator remembering ‘the riddle of how she came to me at the tideline’, her ‘sudden arrival’, but quickly moves to one of many sections about and mentions of ‘The Fool’, here a ‘riddler     jester’ cackling at ‘nine white gulls on a flawless sky’. Then there is a passage about a witch’s stone, worn smooth, followed by the first of many notes regarding damaged and missing pages, then a brief consideration – reported as spoken by the unnamed ‘her’ – regarding the ‘women at the foot of the cross’. 

The obsession with representations of women continues throughout this long work. The abstract consideration of

     – the female form     (a charcoal sketch)    is a pattern of
     flow      is rhythmic     (first from life later from memory)
     the way self shadows self               the way line develops
     harmonies    the way light returns shape to shape    (up

changes into specific memories and misrememberings before becoming an image ‘set behind glass’, which links to mentions of paintings by Klimt, Sickert featuring women, but also to visual memories of landscapes and the sea, Dürer’s Melancholia and Holbein’s Dead Christ (both titles’ lack of italicisation appears to have escaped the proofreader’s notice) and possibly Malevich’s minimalist black square painting. Literature is in the mix too: Kristeva and Dostoevsky are mentioned in one section.

Death is a character, The Fool is a constant, as is the questioning of the representation of women: sex object, fetishised other, witch, object of devotion and desire and the dangerously clichéd whore/goddess duality. Fragments of narrative appear and fade away, moments of anger, silence, dreams and love; expressions of loss and mourning; children’s voices and the sounds of nature. Although we are told ‘the story of herself is simply told’ it is not, not here anyway; it resists the suggestion that it ‘goes into hiding in plain view’. This is a story of fogs and mists, misunderstandings and slippages between worlds. Of inclinations, assumptions and suggestions; rituals and self-sacrifice, emotional unrest and ‘passion’s overload’; questions and few answers. It all, suggests the text, leads to ‘fire-in-flood     and carnage    cities falling’, a world where ‘every doorway gives onto a boneyard’. And the final line is even darker, shockingly so, but I will let you read that for yourself.

I did wonder if the whole book is inspired by art, but I don’t think so. Nine is a ‘magical’ number in mathematics, there were nine muses, cats have nine lives, and in Norse mythology the tree of Yggdrasil not only supported nine worlds, but Odin was also hung on it for nine days. There are nine hares – often associated with witches – drawn on the cover of this book and in one of the illustrations; and I’m sure there are more connections and suggestions. But poems don’t need decoding in this way, it is enough to be challenged and entertained, seduced by the language and made to think. 

Nine is another beautifully designed hardback book from Guillemot, although it’s a shame that the 8 pages of illustrations (visual suggestions of the found notebook) are clustered together and printed on different paper rather than spread out throughout the text. I also found the text’s justification strange, as a handwritten notebook would not work in this way; I’d rather have had a ragged right-hand edge of text. But these are minor quibbles, Harsent has produced a distinctive and otherworldly long poem that reads as not only out-of-time but also contemporary, rooted in a mythical pagan past.

Rupert Loydell 10th October 2023


Monochords by Yannis Ritsos with Chiara Ambrosio Translated by Paul Merchant (Prototype)

Monochords by Yannis Ritsos with Chiara Ambrosio Translated by Paul Merchant (Prototype)

Yannis Ritsos was a prolific poet, who spent many years in prison or under house arrest because of his communist beliefs and opposition to Greece’s right-wing regimes. Monochords is a strange book amongst his work: 336 one-line poems written in a single month in 1979. I have a copy of the text already, but when several poems are presented on the page it’s difficult to allow them the mental space and room for understanding. 

This beautiful new edition corrects that: each page consists of a single poem accompanied by a small linocut from artist Chiara Ambrosio. She already knew the poems, indeed they had been a companion to her ‘for over a decade’, but when the pandemic and lockdown shut down, she set herself the task (‘I felt compelled,’ she says) to make an image for each monochord, one a day, reading and responding to the text, seeking ‘out resonances and emergences’.

They are more, much more, than illustrations though. They have become part of the poems, opening up what Ambrosio calls ‘text and image entwined in mysterious ways, creating often incendiary pairings, unlocking new, contemporary resonances within the text’. The artist describes her daily process as ‘akin to the tending of a garden’, but also ‘a dialogue with Ritsos’, her own ‘personal diary, and ‘a book of days’. It is this complex relationship, the entwining of poetic and visual lines which makes this volume so exciting. The past and present are mixed on the page: 1970s Greece, English translations from the Greek originals, lockdown London, the reader’s now, the timelessness of poetry and the imagination, and the way text can facilitate a kind of time travel:

     How gently time collapses into poetry.   (286)
                                                                                                                                                      
Sometimes Ritsos’ writing can be surreal, indeed the first book of his I came across – in a seaside shop in Greece, 1980 – seemed to present him as a juxtaposer of unconnected images and actions. In hindsight, having found other collections, most of this was due to the translations, not the original text, but there is no escaping the strangeness of some of Ritsos’ minimal poems:

     A naked man with an umbrella. Summer noon.   (72)


     At night, the sea with its ships enters my room.   (244)
         

Elsewhere, there are more straightforward moments: a ship departing the harbour whilst the poet remains on land, memories of ‘lost years’ triggered by ‘distant voices of children’, a red pebble hidden under a white one, rubbish on the stairs, all considered and given recognition or attention in retrospect:

     Much later you see what you saw.   (164)


Ritsos can be philosophical, too, about both the world and words themselves:

     I saw you and remembered poems.    (16)

     A word made fresh by repetition.     (17)
         

He also suggests poetry as a kind of ritual cleansing, a personal shedding and dismissal of, and moving on from, the past:

     I create lines to exorcise the evil that oppressed my country.  (203)
 
In addition to the images and texts of the poems themselves, the book contains several useful and informative texts. David Harsent, himself a translator and author of ‘versions’ of Ritsos introduces the writer himself, discusses the Greek derivation of ‘monochorda’, and then contextualises and discusses both Ritsos’ poems and Ambrosio’s images. The artist herself then describes the project, her working methods and relationship with the poems, which then follow. Gareth Evans’ ‘afterword’ is a wide-ranging essay which discusses re/presentation, materiality, the abuse of authority (and resistance to it), and contextualises the work in relation to film makers Sergei Parajanov and Andrei Tarkovsky, the author John Berger and several other writers, as well as myth and history.

The musician and author Thurston Moore, in his blurb, suggests that these monochords are ‘the essence of a thought, a sign, a glimmer’, the product of ‘singular moments and observations’, which Chiara Ambrosia has responded to in ‘a dance of suggestion’. This beautifully conceived, designed and produced book is the best form of collaboration, one where something new is produced whilst also retaining both the essence and specificity of the original. It is text and metatext, reinforcement, recognition and reconsideration of ideas, poetic gloss and development, commentary and continuation. As monochord 121 says:

     The distance between things keeps growing till they meet.


Rupert Loydell 7th June 2023